FT8 – Page 3 – M0AWS Amateur Radio

17 March 202217 March 2022

80m Band NVIS Antenna Experiment

Following on from my 40m band NVIS antenna experiment I ran the same series of tests on the 80m band to see how well the NVIS antenna works.

Being only 30m long the antenna isn’t very well suited to the low bands but, with the tiny garden we have here in the U.K. and the anti-antenna neighbours it’s the best I can do.

I started off looking for SSB contacts only to find no one on the band. I eventually found G8MNY calling CQ from Croydon south of London. He was a huge 5/9+20db with me so I was hopeful that he’d hear me.

Tuning up the antenna on 3.710Mhz and setting the O/P to 40w I gave him a call and got an immediate response. We ended up chatting for around 30mins with ease, the band wasn’t too noisy and Jon was running 400w so he was a solid signal with me. My 40w got me a 5/8 report which I was very happy with.

Once we cleared I tuned around the band and even called CQ a few times, but there was nothing to be heard.

I went and had something to eat and then returned to the shack before the greyline, the band was a little more lively and so I switched over to FT8 mode and started working stations.

Stations initially heard on FT8 whilst still in daylight

I was really quite surprised how many stations I could hear and make contact with even though I was still in daylight. The effect of the greyline really is quite pronounced.

Stations that heard me on FT8 whilst still in daylight

I was being heard by a good number of continental stations even though I was still in daylight. Signal strengths were good and I was soon working stations one after another with ease.

As the night drew closer and the U.K. moved into darkness stations further east started appearing on the WSJT-X window and I was surprised how many I was able to work considering how low and short the antenna is for this band.

German stations were always the strongest throughout the test which is to be expected with an NVIS antenna as they are just across the north sea as the crow flies.

Map showing all stations heard on FT8 during 80m NVIS antenna experiment

By the end of the evening I’d heard a good number of stations with the most distant being north of the Kazakhstan/Mongolian border as shown on the map above.

All stations that heard M0AWS on FT8 throughout the NVIS antenna experiment

I was pleasantly surprised at how many stations were hearing me throughout the test, getting as far south as the islands off the coast of north Africa and well into Russia was amazing for a horizontal antenna that is only 4m-5m above the ground.

Map of all stations worked during the 80m NVIS antenna experiment

The number of contacts was nowhere near as prolific as during the 40m experiment mainly due to the fact that the band wasn’t as busy however, the contact pattern was very similar to that on 40m with the most distant station being R2EA/P just south east of Moscow at 1544 miles.

European coverage was very good but, sadly I didn’t hear many U.K. stations and so I’m not sure how well my Inter-G coverage will be. Perhaps another test during the day when conditions are better will shed some more light on this.

Overall I’m very happy with the antenna performance on the 80m band, it’ll certainly be ideal for European chat during the summer months and hopefully inter-G will be good too.

Next will be a test on 160m, this could be interesting!

More soon …

15 March 202215 March 2022

40m Band NVIS Antenna Experiment

Since setting up the new station at my U.K. QTH I’ve not had any Inter-G contacts. This has mainly been due to the fact that the antennas I’ve currently got in place are all designed for chasing DX and so have far too low a radiation angle to be able to talk to other U.K. stations.

One of the things I do like about radio is the local chatter on the low bands. In the summer months working Inter-G on the low bands is most enjoyable so, I decided to put up a simple Near Vertical Incident Skywave (NVIS) antenna ready for the summer.

Unlike my French QTH, here in Suffolk we only have a tiny garden and so it’s a challenge to get any length of wire up that is anywhere near long enough for the low bands.

A quick measuring of the garden I worked out I could get 30m of wire approximately 3-4m off the ground at best. I’m very aware of my anti-antenna neighbours and so it needs to be as stealthy as possible.

I decided to use some 1.5mm wire that I had in the workshop and utilise the high washing line poles that are already in place to get the wire along the max length of the garden.

With the wire in place and connected to the CG3000 auto remote tuner that I got off of Ebay for a song, ground post and radials connected I found that the antenna tunes up fine on all 3 low bands, perfect!

Tuning up on the 40m band I had an SWR 1:1 anywhere on the band. I could hear a number of strong U.K. stations and a few Dutch and German stations too. Since I’m on the East Coast of the U.K. The Netherlands and Germany aren’t that far away as the crow flies.

Setting the radio onto 40w SSB (First time on SSB in a very long time!) I put out a call. First station to come back was G8VVY, Robin in Malmesbury Wiltshire. Signals weren’t particularly strong and I gave him a 4/4 report and got a 5/5 in return.

Next station was PA3GLK, Dave in The Netherlands. Again signal reports were 5/5 and 5/6 but, perfectly readable.

Next up was G0SXC, Kevin in Lancashire. Signal reports were 5/9 both ways this time, very strong and fully quietening, the high angle radiation was doing its thing!

Last call was ON3PAT, Pat in Belgium. Very strong signals both ways, 5/9++ at a distance of 153 miles. NVIS propagation is working very well. I turned the output down to just 25w and Pat still gave me a 5/9 report.

Later in the day I decided to run some FT8 QSOs on 40m to see how far I could get reliably with no more than 25w. I was hoping that I may just be able to get 1000 miles as an absolute maximum but, be able to work stations at 100 Miles or less with ease.

Map showing NVIS FT8 contacts on the 40m band

As you can see on the map above, 1534 miles was the best achieved, RX3ASQ just east of Moscow. The thing that pleased me most was the number of U.K. stations I could hear with the closest being just 43 miles away. Most European stations were easily worked even with reduced levels of power (10w) and so I’m hoping that this simple end fed NVIS antenna will become my goto antenna for local chatter on the 40m band.

What was very interesting was what I could hear on the antenna, I didn’t expect to hear any DX stations at all however, I was surprised to see stations from Mongolia, Japan and the USA popping up in the WSJT-X window.

Obviously I couldn’t get back to them as my angle of radiation was far too high to get a signal out over those distances but, it just goes to show what can be a heard on a very low long wire.

Map showing stations heard on 40m using NVIS antenna

By the end of the evening to my surprise I had been heard in the USA, I was amazed to see where I’d managed to get into with such a low antenna. The main cluster of stations were in the U.K. and Europe of course which is exactly what I wanted from this antenna.

Stations that heard M0AWS on 40m FT8 using NVIS antenna

So the next test will be on the 80m band, I’m hoping to get similar results on SSB with inter-G stations being easy to work. I doubt I will be able to get anywhere near the 1500 miles I achieved on the 40m band but, I’ll be more than happy with U.K. and EU stations.

More soon …

19 February 202219 February 2022

Falklands Calling …

When I lived in France (F5VKM) I was totally focused on the low bands. I spent years trying to get the Falkland Islands on 160m. Now living in the UK with a typical small garden I no longer have the luxury of big antennas. Currently I’ve just got my EFHW Vertical for 20m at the end of the garden.

Today I heard the Falkland Islands on 20m for the first time since setting up the new station, I was amazed to say the least.

I decided to give the two stations a call, didn’t get an answer from VP8ADR but, VP8VK then popped up and I snuck in and got a quick QSO with just 25w.

Working DX is so much easier on 20m than it is on 160m, I’m amazed!

-23dB is very close to the limit for FT8 but, it was enough to get a complete QSO and the Falklands in the log.

I also got VK6AS on 20m FT8 today, again with just 25w. This EFHW Vertical for 20m really is an excellent DX antenna, it’s perfect for the small garden too!

More soon …

8 February 2022

FTDX10, Apple Computers and the USB Audio Chain

One of the things I’ve had issues with ever since purchasing the Yaesu FTDX10 transceiver is control of the audio chain via the USB connection on the rear of the radio.

The output from the radio into my Macbook Pro is just too high, WSJT-X is constantly pushed beyond the green zone and often into the red zone when monitoring FT8 signals with the AGC off. The only way to cure this is to keep the AGC on Auto which sometimes results in not hearing the very weak DX stations due to the AGC not reacting fast enough. Putting the AGC on fast causes the red line to be hit far too often once more.

Sadly, the USB Audio Codec doesn’t provide any volume adjustment on audio coming from the radio into the MacBook Pro thus, it’s just full volume all the way. This is a flaw in the codec design and really does need to be resolved long term.

Looking at the audio going the other way, that is from the MacBook Pro into the radio via the USB port fortunately there are gain controls available both on the MacBook Pro and on the radio itself.

Ever since venturing into the world of WSJT-X & FT8/4 I’ve had an issue with only being able to move the PWR slider in the WSJT-X up to the first marker at the bottom of the screen, anymore and the ALC on the radio goes off the scale instantly!

So yesterday I decided to investigate the audio chain into the radio more thoroughly and see what could be done about the levels.

Looking at the radio manual I found that there is an RPORT GAIN setting in the menu system that can be used to alter the amount of gain applied to the incoming audio signal on the USB port in the radio.

As detailed in the manual, the default setting for this is 50 in a range of 0 to 100. So that’s a 50% increase in gain applied to the incoming audio at the radio end, that’s quite a boost! (The gain is applied both in SSB and Data Modes)

I decided to experiment reducing this figure to see if it gave me greater control over the audio output from WSJT-X via the PWR control. This did indeed help however, there was still too much audio coming into the radio from the MacBook Pro and so I needed to look further along the audio chain.

Moving back onto the MacBook I opened the Midi App and took at look at the Output controls for the USB Audio Codec, sure enough this was set to max for both channels, not good.

Reducing the levels in the midi app started to make much more of a difference, I could now raise the audio level using the PWR control in WSJT-X without things immediately going wild and could now control the levels with a far greater level of granularity than ever before.

After much tinkering I eventually found the levels whereby I could drive the rig to the selected output power (20w) without the ALC going off the scale and the signal becoming horribly distorted, there was calm in my audio chain once more.

So what settings did I settle on?

On the radio itself I wound down the RPORT GAIN setting from 50 to 20, this reduced the amount of gain applied to the audio coming in on the USB port considerably and helped to tidy up the FT8 signal.

FTDX10 RPORT GAIN Setting reduced from 50 to 20

It’s great that there is the facility on the radio to reduce the gain on the inbound audio signal, if only Yaesu would do the same for the outbound audio level.

Next, on my MacBook Pro via the Midi app I reduced the output level on the USB Audio Codec from the default maximum down to 0.494 (-19). This stops the audio level from being too high going into the radio and removes all distortion from the resulting signal.

Midi App on Macbook Pro showing reduced audio output

Once these small changes have been made it becomes necessary to raise the PWR level in the WSJT-X app to roughly the centre position. At this point the radio gets a clean, distortion free audio input whilst driving the radio to the full 20w output with no movement on the ALC whatsoever.

I found I could move anywhere on the frequency spectrum on FT8 without any of the levels changing and with the ALC not moving whilst the radio delivered the full 20w output.

I also checked FT4 mode as it is an MFSK mode to see if these settings worked for it too and I’m glad to say it worked perfectly! (I also found I really liked FT4!)

WSJT-X with the PWR setting at roughly 50%

Altering the PWR level in WSJT-X doesn’t have the huge effect it had before and now it’s very easy to adjust the level without the ALC going off the scale in an instant.

It took me about an hour or so to get this just right but, it was well worth the time invested.

I hope this is of use to other Apple Mac computer users in the HAM community.

More soon …

5 February 202212 March 2022

Simple EFHW vertical on 20m works great!

I completed the fine tuning of the 20m EFHW Vertical today, I got the SWR down to 1:1 at 14.10 Mhz. This gives me a perfect match for the CW and digital section of the band with the SSB part of the band not exceeding 1.4:1 at 14.350.

I ended up removing 34.5cm of wire from the original antenna length to get the resonance where I wanted it. This was caused mainly by the extra inductance added into the circuit by the 49:1 Unun. This is to be expected and perfectly normal when feeding an antenna via an impedance matching transformer.

I bolted the 49:1 Unun directly to the earth rod, this way it’s got a solid earth connected directly to it to keep the resistance to a minimum. (The metal mounting plate is also the earth termination point).

I spent some time today chasing the DX on the 20m band using the FT8 digital mode.

The fun started with VK2LAW in Sydney Australia, followed by E25ETT in Thailand, KP4CAR in Puerto Rico, 9G5AR in Accra Ghana and The Sahrawi Amateur Radio Club station S01WS in Western Sahara. A nice mix of stations dotted around the world.

PSKReporter map showing all the stations that I heard on 20m today

I like to keep an eye on the PSKReporter site whilst on air to see what I’m hearing. As you can see I heard stations from the West Coast USA right across to New South Wales in Australia and down south as far as Brazil. The 20m EFHW Vertical antenna and Yaesu FTDX10 radio combination really does have good ears

As for being heard, well it’s a similar story, below is a map showing all the stations that heard me as reported on the PSKReporter website.

One again, great global coverage from the antenna and transceiver combo with only 20w being used for most contacts. (25w used to break some of the pileups!)

Overall I’m really pleased with the performance of the antenna, for such a simple design it works exceedingly well. One huge advantage of a half wave over a quarter wave antenna is that the point of max current is 50% along the antenna’s length, on the 20m band EFHW Vertical this puts it some 5m above the ground lowering the angle of take off and making it a great DX antenna.

If you’ve not got a lot of space but, want to work the DX on 20m then I highly recommend you give one a try, I’m sure you’ll be amazed at how well it performs.

Can’t wait to get a 40m EFHW Inverted L up next!

Information as to why it’s best to keep the feed point at ground level for this antenna is here.

More soon …

4 February 202212 March 2022

20m EFHW Vertical + 49:1 Unun = DX

My 49:1 Unun arrived from UK Antennas today, lost no time getting it into the garden and connected to the 20m EFHW Vertical antenna.

I’m really pleased with the 49:1 Unun, really nicely put together and packaged professionally, great to get such a nice British made product!

Connecting the Unun up to the antenna I found that it added a little extra inductance I hadn’t planned for and so I needed to shorten the vertical wire a little to compensate.

It took 3 snips of wire to get the antenna resonant in the 20m band again, with an SWR of 1.3:1 and the sun starting to set I decided that was fine for now and I’ll fine tune it tomorrow in the daylight. (See end of article for update)

Heading into the shack the 20m band was buzzing, lots of big signals and DX. I switched on to the 10m band and checked the SWR there, 1:1 across most of the band, perfect!

I then went on to check the 15m band, now I wasn’t expecting a match as it shouldn’t resonate there but, I found a 2:1 SWR across the band, weird!

So back on 20m, I plugged in the MacBook Pro and started WSJT-X in FT8 mode to see what was around.

20m EFHW Vertical at the end of the garden

First contact was into Canada, VE2FVV with a -10 report both ways and 2962 miles, not bad for 20w.

I then worked a flurry of stations from the USA but, the one I was really pleased with was PP1WW in Brazil. 5610 Miles using just 20w, this EFHW vertical really does has a lovely low angle of radiation.

PP1WW was the last station worked as it was dark by this time and the band closed. It was interesting to watch the PSKReporter site to see where I was being heard.

As you can see from the PSKReporter screenshot above, I was heard pretty much all over the world. I saw a number of VK stations in Australia pop up on FT8 but, never managed to get an answer back from any of them even though they reported hearing me on the PSKReporter site.

I was also pleased with the number of stations that I heard, once again good global coverage.

Band conditions are generally poor at the moment and we’re in a bad part of the 11 year sunspot cycle. Hopefully in the coming years propagation will improve and we’ll be able to work the world on just a couple of milliwatts!

I also tuned up onto the 10m band and heard quite a few FT8 stations on there, I was surprised as I wasn’t expecting the band to be open.

So tomorrow, I need to fine tune the antenna for the 20m band and get the SWR down to 1:1, hopefully this won’t affect the 10m band tuning too much.

Once the 12m Spiderpoles are back in stock I’ll get one ordered and build the 40m EFHW Inverted L that I’ve designed, I’m hoping it will open up the 40m/20/15/10m bands for some DXing over the summer months.

UPDATE: I ended up snipping off a total of 34.5cm of wire to get the SWR 1:1 at 14.100Mhz. This makes the entire 20m band useable with the SWR less than 1.5:1 at each end of the band. 2nd contact after trimming the wire was VK2LAW at 10454 Miles using just 25w of power.

Information as to why it’s best to keep the feed point at ground level for this antenna is here.

More soon …

3 February 20223 February 2022

adi2html v0.5 release

Following on from my original article where I detailed the adi2html Bash script that reads in the WSJT-X log and creates an HTML version of the data so that it can be presented in a palatable format on websites (See my WSJT-X log here), I’ve now released v0.5 for public consumption.

In adi2html v0.5 I’ve added colour to the webpage that is generated to make it easier on the eyes and rewritten the function process_log() so that it uses the column name to identify each field instead of the row position.

By making this change it should cope just fine if the order of the fields is ever altered in the WSJT-X log during its development.

As before the code can be downloaded using the link below.

If you use my code please consider leaving the footer in place so I get some credit, thanks!

adi2html-v05 Download

26 January 202229 January 2022

Fun evening on 30m FT8

I spent yesterday evening on the 30m band running WSJT-X in FT8 mode whilst getting to know the new radio. I must say I am impressed with the Yaesu FTDX10, the receiver really is extremely good at pulling out the weakest of stations.

WSJT-X in FT8 mode running on my MacBook Pro

I have a very simple setup at the moment, just the one antenna for 30m currently so I don’t have a lot of bands available. Hopefully this will change in the coming months as I work on building a new multi band antenna for the station.

I’m still getting to know WSJT-X and FT8, it’s a new mode for me and quite different to how things were 15 years ago when I was last active.

With a little perseverance I soon got the hang of it and was working stations with ease. I’m very much a wait and pounce type DXer, so my QSO turn over is low but, I get the stations I want to work rather than just a multitude of European stations who are all on my doorstep.

It was interesting to watch the band conditions change as the grey line moved across the Atlantic. One by one countries further west started popping up on the band.

At 18:00GMT PSKReporter was showing mainly the multitude of European stations running FT8 on 30m with the Azore and Canary Islands starting to appear along with a couple of stations from the East Coast USA.

As the grey line continued west more and more DX stations started to appear including a station in South Africa. I worked a bunch of stations in the Ukraine and Russia and then started picking off the stations in the USA one by one.

30m FT8 all stations heard (Screenshot taken next day)

By the end of the evening there were stations from South America and the Caribbean coming through. I spent over an hour trying to work CO8LY in Cuba, he was coming in at -10dB at my end but, sadly he never heard my 15w signal. I did try splitting the RX and TX frequency in WSJT-X so that my signal was to the side of the pileup but alas I never got through. Later in the evening I found CO8LY calling CQ over and over but, once again he never heard my replies. A real shame as it’s rare to hear Cuba over here on the East Coast of the U.K.

At 22:30GMT I closed the station down and headed to bed, I didn’t work a huge number of stations but, I had a lot of fun chasing the ones I wanted to get.

It’s interesting to note that the closest stations worked was 800 miles away, I think that is the first hop for my 30m Delta Loop Antenna. With the antenna being so quiet on receive and the FTDX10 having such a good receiver, it was very easy to pick out the stations 2000 miles or more away from my QTH. Most of the time I was able to exchange signal reports with stations that I called. It’s impressive to be able to exchange reports with stations that are -18dB or more below the noise level.

RUMlogNG List of stations worked on 30m FT8 mode

It was nice to get into Lebanon and Israel, two countries that have always been difficult to get into from my U.K. QTH.

A total of 20 stations worked, not a huge count but, it gave me some time to get used to the radio and it’s settings.

I also had a tune around 40m, the FT8 section was packed with stations from all over the world. I can’t wait to get onto 40m, it’s one of my favourite bands and I’m hoping to be able to work some good DX with QRP power levels.

I also listened on 80m and 160m, both were very active with mainly European stations on FT8 and SSB.

With my roll of coax arriving today I’l spend some time putting together a new coaxial run to the antenna and start working on an LC tuning unit for the new vertical I’m designing.

More soon …

23 January 202228 January 2022

FTDX10 CAT Control Problem Solved!

Following on from my article about the issues I had with the Silicon Labs VCP/USB to Serial driver that’s required to be able to use the CAT controls on the FTDX10 via the USB connection I decided to take a different approach to the problem.

Since the driver was incompatible with something that is already installed on my MacBook Pro (Most likely Virtualbox) and rendered the computer unusable I decided to search for a USB to Serial converter that worked with Apple computers without the need for proprietary drivers.

It didn’t take long to find a suitable adapter, the Sabrent USB 2.0 to Serial (9-Pin) available on Amazon uses the FTDI chipset that is natively supported by Apple MacOS without the need for proprietary drivers to be installed. This makes it a simple plug and play adapter.

Unfortunately both the adapter and the FTDX10 have a male DB9 connector and so a female to female DB9 adapter is also required to make the connection.

Sabrent USB 2.0 to Serial adapter for Apple Mac computers – No driver required

Connecting the DB9 to the FTDX10, setting the RS232 port to 38400 on the radio and within the WSJT-X software I soon had control of the radio from the MacBook Pro.

To get the sound from the radio to the MacBook all I needed to do was connect the USB lead into the back of the radio and into the 2nd USB port on the MacBook. Since the sound card in the FTDX10 is supported natively by MacOS 11.6.2 (Big Sur) without the need for the Silicon Labs driver, this completed the setup.

So I now have full digital modes and rig control without installing any proprietary drivers on my MacBook Pro.

I tested the setup using FT8 on 30m this afternoon, it worked seamlessly.

Problem solved!

18 January 202219 January 2022

First time on air in 15 years!

I had a fun couple of hours this afternoon. I found my 30m band Delta Loop antenna packed away in the loft, got it out and put it up in the garden, 1.2:1 SWR across the band and I was soon listening to Morse conversations on the band.

Connecting my MacBook Pro to the Yaesu FTDX10 I soon had WSJT-X FT8 mode running and started working a few stations. I found I needed to reduce the output from the Apple MacBook so that the ALC on the radio barely moved, this tidied up the transmitted signal and ensured I wasn’t splattering. Setting the radio O/P to 10w my first contact was into Cyprus, followed by a couple of contacts into Ukraine.

One thing I did notice was how strong many of the signals were. I’m sure some operators are using huge power levels on the FT8 part of the band with some of the signals +10db or more over S9. FT8 is supposed to be a weak signal mode, there really is no need for huge power levels. The funny thing is, many of these high powered stations are heard by DX stations but, they don’t hear the them coming back to them, classic case of shouting louder than they can hear. There really is no point being heard if your station isn’t capable of hearing the replies coming back.

I’d forgotten how good my Delta Loop antennas are, super quiet on receive and great for finding weak signals on the band.

I checked the PSK Reporter site to see where I’d been heard and was pleasantly surprised to see I was heard in Australia! I did call an Australian station but, never got a reply from him, so it was great to get confirmation that my signal was making the trip.

PSK Reporter showing where my signal was heard

Due to the direction of my garden the antenna is beaming north west / south east, long path to Australia. It’s amazing how 10w of RF can cover almost 9000 miles!

So what next?

Well, I need to purchase some coaxial cable as the bits I have from France have gone stiff/brittle and really are past their shelf life.

I also need to buy some wire to start making some antennas. I’m going to put together a top loaded vertical for the 160/80/40m bands and some delta loops for the higher bands.

I’m also going to make some end fed half wave verticals for 20m and upwards.

Lots to do, if only the weather would improve!

More soon …